According to the
Lombok
chronicle / BabadLombok,Samalas volcano(the ancient name of Mt.Rinjani) was
erupted in 1258 and destroy the early civilizations on Lombok.
After few years,a small kingdom of suwung appears which
was built by Batara Indera. After the kingdom of suwung collapsed,a new civilizations
called Lombok Kingdom appear.
1. The period of
Selaparang Kingdom
Over the
course of history, Lombok kingdom then suffered destruction due to the first invasion
of Majapahit in at the beginning of the XIII century.Raden Mas Pahit a King
Lombok,fled into the woods. When the soldiers of Majapahit returned to Java,Raden
Mas Pahit out of the woods and established a new Hindus kingdom with the name
Batu Parang or SelaparangI,and the power end during the expedition of Majapahit
kingdom in 1357 under Mpu Nala command.
After the Expedition of Majapahit Kingdom,in Lombok stands 4
new Kindom,namely
Bayan Kingdom in the West
Ø
Selaparang II kingdom in the East
Ø
Langko Kingdom in the middle
Ø
Pejanggik Kingdom in the south
Among all
Kingdoms above,Selaparang II is the
strongest and popular one.This kingdom centered in Labuhan Lombok.This kingdom
is located in Lombok bay with fresh water sources are very much, This condition
also makes traders from various kingdoms in Nusantara came to visit.it then
contributed very encouraging for the kingdom of Lombok. So the condition of the
people's e under the leadership of King Rangkesari, Selaparang kingdom evolved
into empire advanced in various fields conomy is increasing. In addition to
improving the condition of the kingdom and its people, Selaparang also
strengthen his army, both on land and at sea. Over the course of history this
Kingdom turn from Hindus to be Muslims.
In 1520,1616 and 1624 the Kingdom of
Selaparang attacked by Gelgel kingdom of Bali. This attack came from royal
displeasure of Gelgel see the development of Selaparang Kingdom increasing
rapidly,Gelgel kingdom considers itself the heir of Majapahit.Gelgel kingdom
mobilized his army to attack Selaparang.However,Selaparang kingdom against
attack with a vengeance and the attack is able to be broken and Gelgel failure.
Unwilling to defeat again, the kingdom of Gelgel set ingenious strategy to
combat and control Selaparang Kingdom. Finally Gelgel kingdom has an ingenious
strategy to infiltration by sending a people to open habitation and paddy
fields in the south west of Lombok.
Even
Selaparang won against neighboring powers, Gelgel Kingdom. But at the same time
a new force has emerged from the western part. The embryos of this power has
existed since the beginning of the 15th century with the arrival of illegal
immigrant farmers from Karangasem, and further established the colony in area
of Mataram,Suranadi,Lingsar,Pagutan,and
Pagesangan. The colony was gradually grows and transformed into small
kingdoms,that is Pagutan and Pagesangan
Kingdom which was established in year of 1622.Because of that, in order to
anticipate the strength of that small kingdom,Selaparang put a small troops in
the west under Patinglaga Deneq
Wirabangsa command.Learning from the failure of the attack in 1520, also
take a new strategy by sent Dangyang Nirartha in order to enter a new concept in
the form of Hindu-Muslim syncretism.
2. The period
of Mataram Karang Asam Kingdom and Arya
Banjar Getas
In
Selaparang Kingdom suspected to have a serious internal problem, it’s a
difference point of views between the King and one of the key figures in the
Palace named Arya Banjar Getas. Of
these disagreements,finally Arya Banjar Getas and his followers left Selaparang and joined the Kingdom of Pejanggik.
Raden Arya Banjar Getas also able to invite the Kingdom
of Pejanggik to participate and join the
expedition of MataramKarang Asem Kingdom (Bali) who have successfully landed in
west Lombok.
Finally in
1672 selaparang kingdom successfully destructed by military coalition of Arya
Banjar Getas, Pejanggik and Mataram Karang Asam Kingdom. Selaparang Kingdom can
be conquered almost without resistance. Fourteen years after burned Selaparang,
Pejanggik kingdom also razed to the ground by the Kingdom of Mataram Karang
Asem in 1686.Beside Pejanggik Mataram kingdom was also destroyed the small
kingdoms. Over the course of history, Lombok is divided into two parts west
part overpowered by Anak Agung Gde Ngurah,Karang Asam Kingdom and East part overpowered
by Arya Banjar Getas.
Since that time the Balinese People came to the West
Lombok and develop settlements,Anak Agung Gde Nggurah also order order to build
some temple such as Narmada,Lingsar,Suranadi(rebuild),Batu Bolong(rebuild) and
Gunung Pengsong.
by Gerry M
Sembalun is one of the Distric in East
Lombok Regency which has an area of 217.08 km2 consists of six villages namely
Sembalun Bumbung, Sembalun Lawang , Sajang ,Bilok Petung, Sembalun village, and
the village of Timbah Gading.
The villages has an altitude that varies between 800 to 1,200 meters above
sea level.
Mount Rinjani is one of the highest
mountain in Indonesia like a magnet that attracts domestic and foreign
mountaineers.
With an altitude of 3,726 meters (above sea level), a hike can use the
hiking trail through Sembalun and Senaru.But,beside the exoticism of Mount Rinjani, there are other options for hikers namely Bukit Pergasingan . Pergasingan hills with elevations of 1,670 meters above sea level is located on the northeast side of Mount Rinjani.From Sembalun Lawang, hikers can toward the jungle on foot and also use a motorcycle or car.With climbing terrain that only steep at the beginning, the scenery offered by this hill is very diverse ranging from rice fields , Gunung Rinjani, village settlements Sembalun, up hills landscape.
